Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 669 Words

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. This is additional proof of something we have been taught in schools all our lives. America is the land of the free, which gives each legal citizen the right of privacy, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion. If you are Christian, Jewish, Muslim, or Buddhist, you are welcome in this country. However when the topic of gay marriage arises in conversations, the main opposing point would be that the bible doesn’t agree with it. According to the first amendment, the bible has no standing in American law. Opposing gay marriage is just another form of prejudice. Im just waiting for someone to explain to me†¦show more content†¦So just because we are â€Å"inferior† to all other animals on earth doesn’t change the fact that our species as a whole has a percent that shows homosexual tendencies. If you ask me, its also unnatural and immorally wrong for a man to beat his wife and children, and many people disagree with it, but it will never be changed. People are going to do what they wish, because every human being is different, and whoever wants them all to be the same, has bigger problems than disagreeing to gay marriage. If a couple, gay or not has a love that deserves a marriage, why deny them that right when others who don’t deserve a nything in this world are granted it so easily? So what bothers everyone so much? I mean since this is a free country and all, and everyone has privacy and is allowed to do whatever they want behind closed doors, then why cant the bond of two people be made official to the public if they feel the need to do so. Life is too short for people who are happy not to be able to strive for the goals that they really care about. So why waste your time arguing over the happiness of people who aren’t going to change over a law that the public could make. If you’re asking why I feel so strong on this subject, or why i was inspired to writeShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marr iage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Informative Speech On Globalization - 914 Words

Topic: Globalization and Trade opportunities General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the opportunities brought by globalization when trade is concerned. Thesis: Globalization trade opportunities as the world has become closer and tied in client demand and supply structures. Introduction: Distinguished Guests, Colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen: As-salamu alaykum. It is an honor and a privilege to join you at this meeting, and to reflect with you on trade opportunities between our two companies. With trade flows between our countries growing at an unprecedented rate, the timing of your visit could not be better. Indeed, for many years, people have been buying and selling to one another from all corners†¦show more content†¦We are looking for a Saudi partner to embark in a joint venture. There are several agreements ratified by the United States to help companies do businesses in Saudi Arabia. Indeed, in 2003, the United States signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with Saudi Arabia. The agreement â€Å"promotes the establishment of legal protections for investors, improvements in intellectual property protection, more transparent and efficient customs procedures, and greater transparency in government and commercial regulations† (Saudi Arabia - Trade Agreements, n.d., para.3), Ladies and Gentlemen, this type of agreement will give us more latitude to carry out our project. Now that I have discussed globalization and its benefits when our venture is concerned, I will discuss trade opportunities between our two companies. Business opportunities in Saudi Arabia are endless. As suggested by Doingbusinessguide.com (n.d.): â€Å"The World Economic Forum ranks the Kingdom 6th in the world for Local Supplier Quantity and 24th for both Value Chain Breadth and Production Process Sophistication. [†¦] Saudi Arabia’s domestic industries – from energy and chemicals to transportation – provide industrial projects with exceptional opportunities for cost savings†. I believe that our idea to expand in Saudi Arabia is a perfect way to grow both our businesses. We have the skills to provide your company with all the materials you need for your construction jobs. Both ourShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Mexico : The World Below Us1512 Words   |  7 PagesInformative Speech Outline Format – Template (Note, all boldface terms represent labels as they should appear in the outline you hand in – you need not bold yours but please have the label in place). Name: __Megan Bianco___ Title: Mexico: The World Below Us Specific Purpose: The specific purpose identifies information you want to communicate and a goal for the audience – â€Å"After listening to my speech, the audience will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Not in spoken text) After listening to my speech the audience will haveRead MoreInformative Speech : The Society Of Human Resource Management966 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATIVE SPEECH FULL-SENTENCE OUTLINE GUIDE FULL-SENTENCE OUTLINE GUIDE Introduction I. Attention Getter: The Society of Human Resource Management quoted John Green, a Vice President of Human Resources in an article they released called The Look and Feel of Strategic Human Resource Management: Conversations with Senior HR Executive saying â€Å"In the past, when I started the business, the people would look for security and plan to be there the rest of their life. They had more of an attitude ofRead MoreSpeech Outline On The Perils Of Cosmetic Surgery Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesVu Vo (Vincent) Dana-Jean Smith CMST 110 13 October 2016 Informative Speech Outline on The Perils of Cosmetic Surgery I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"I prefer artificial beauty to natural ugliness† is a phrase that currently seems to be gaining popularity with many girls and women around the world. However, relatively few of them can comprehend the unsafe risks behind the artificial beauty. B. Introduce Topic and Significance: 1. These days, cosmetic surgery has quickly built up everywhereRead MoreThe Effect Of E Commerce On The Global Market Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagessell them locally to people within their communities. Individuals can use e-trading sites or virtual experts to buy and sell stocks on international stock exchanges at any time of the day. These actions of e-commerce have had an effect on the globalization effect of both the market and the people. Of course not all effects of e-commerce are free of criticism, so we will explore these criticisms and see what their true effects are. â€Æ' Table of Contents A. Tables and Figures B. Introduction C.Read MorePeer Pressure2910 Words   |  12 Pagesbe a welcome break from citing Mark Anthony s oft quoted, Friends, Romans, Countrymen... speech. A good debate topic does not necessarily need to be a political topic. It can be funny, informative, contemplative, social, economical - the categories are endless. Debate topics for students need to be chosen keeping in mind the maturity level and understanding that they may be expected to have about the speech topic at hand. Always make a shortlist of topics that will seem interesting to the targetRead MoreBenetton Brouhaha - Is Benetton’s Approach to Advertising as Depicted in â€Å"Benetton Brouhaha† More Strategic or Structural in Nature?3761 Words   |  16 Pagesstrategic and structural quadrants can become instrumental; move to the civil foundation. Either by mandate, where laws require companies to engage in some activity or by society as expectations of ethical behavior rise. Globalization Effect on Virtue Martin suggests that globalization increases public anxiety over corporate conduct. This is to say that it is assumed that as corporations move processes over-seas, concepts that are laws in the U.S. are not regulated in foreign countries. Maybe they areRead MoreLinguistic Features and Translation of Financial English5641 Words   |  23 Pagesdaily life. Failure to become part of the global markets assures a nation of a deteriorating economic influence. And successful participation in international economic activities holds the promise of improved quality of life and a better society. Globalization has indicated that the world is becoming more and more homogeneous. The large application amount of English in financial industry proves that financial English is performing a significant role in our economic development. The better people masterRead MoreAn Analysis of English-Chinese Subtitle Translating Strategies: Taking Gossip Girl as an Example4351 Words   |  18 PagesAn Analysis of English-Chinese Subtitle Translating Strategies: Taking Gossip Girl as an Example â…  . Introduction A. An overview of the study Subtitle translation studies began with the development of film industry, high technology and globalization. From a tentative start involving somewhat superficial contributions to audiovisual translation in the late 1950s and the early 1960s, followed by a couple of decades of relative lethargy in the 1970s and 1980s, people have entered a period of vigorousRead MoreDiffereces Between Vietnamese and American Compliment10198 Words   |  41 PagesVietnamese. Using the authenticable data from survey, which is conducted with 30 native speakers in each culture, this research is carried out with three sub-aims: (1) to find out similarities and differences between two cultures in the way they perform speech act of compliment; (2) to investigate the culture factors that have influence on the word choice of interlocutors; (3) to enrich the knowledge of second language learners about the importance of culture factor in leaning target language. The resultRead MoreRole of the Social Medi a in Social Movements Essay3249 Words   |  13 Pagesgovernment and in others it is big corporations. For instance, piracy and web sites like Wikipedia brought new regulations to web. With new orders and regulations all articles are passing through filtration of editors to prevent biased and false informative articles reaching web, which could be considered as a controlling mechanism within web that generates rules and regulations. One question comes to mind, is it in human nature for elites and hierarchy to emerge? The revolutionary spaces have granted

Critically evaluate Samuel Huntingtons claims in The Clash of Civilizations free essay sample

The abrupt end of the Cold War meant that the bipolar model of thinking which had dominated the sphere of World Politics for decades became obsolete. This new phase led to a renewal in thinking in the study of International Relations dubbed â€Å"the hundred schools of thought† which led to a wide spectrum of visions about the uncertain future of world affairs. One of the more prominent visions was the late Professor Samuel Huntingtons â€Å"Clash of Civilizations? † published in a 1993 Foreign Affairs article, where he predicted a growing pattern of conflict based on differences in cultural, religious and historical identity of entities he labelled civilizations instead of the ideological differences of the Cold War Era. Huntingtons thesis was a Realist response to Fukuyamas 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man. Fukuyama argued that the post-1991 world was left with no viable ideological alternative to liberal democracy and the free market economy predicting a new era of global consensus on democracy, justice, human rights and cooperation. The nation will continue to be a central pole of identification, even if more and more nations come to share common economic and political forms of organization. i Huntingtons premise was that The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain as the most powerful actors in world affairs but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. ii The controversial nature of Huntington’s thesis ensured the stern critique by some of his fellow academics for reasons including oversimplification, neglecting contradicting factors and inaccurate predictions. The tragedy of 9/11 and the events that followed revived the confidence in his thesis by his supporters who saw this as the conformation of Huntington’s predictions notably the inconsolable clash between Islam and the West. Huntington begins by describing the historical evolution of the nature of conflicts in the Western World; from the competition between monarchs and emperors for territorial and mercantile expansion leading to the emergence of nation states beginning with the French Revolution, to the rise of ideological conflict after the Bolshevik Revolutioniii. His Eurocentric bias is clear early as he quotes and perpetuates an idea put forward before by William Lind that these were primarily ‘Western Civil Wars’. Labelling World War II, the deadliest military conflict in history which involved the majority of the world’s nations, as such greatly diminishes the involvement and sacrifices made by people across the world. Notably the Soviet Union which was mainly composed of nations Huntington would regard as part of a Slavic-Orthodox civilization sustained the highest amount of casualties totalling at around twenty-seven millioniv. Later in the paragraph, Huntington writes ‘peoples and governments of non-Western civilizations no longer remain the objects of history as targets of Western colonialism but join the West as movers of history’ as if to suggest that events occurring in non-western parts of the world somehow do not constitute as history if they don’t involve or have a felt effect upon Western society. Although the leadership of the West in fields such as science, technology and engineering for the larger part in recent centuries is indisputable; Jewish philosophy, Hindu mathematics, Muslim astronomy and engineering contributed significantly to the foundations of what we know today and this shouldnt be undermined. The sharing and borrowing of ideas between the different corners of the world through the millennias thats still going on today suggests a long-term cooperation instead of a clash of civilizations in our common pursuit of knowledge. According to Huntington a civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identityv. He divides the worlds population into seven civilizations as well as hinting at the possibility of a Caribbean and an African civilization; Africa being indeed a continent known for its vast diversity of cultures and traditionsvi. He defines a civilization by what he calls objective elements such as language, history and primarily religion as well as by the subjective self-identification of people. Huntington argues the onset of globalization has led to increased levels of interaction between peoples of different civilizations, which in turn intensifies civilization consciousness and brings to the forefront their cultural differences which unlike ideological and political differences are fundamental and much less mutable and hence less easily compromised. It’s clear that people instinctively identify themselves closely to others who share common traditions, customs and history; I hold the belief however that Huntington downplays the penetration of globalization and focuses on one aspect of its possible consequences. It’s not the differences that drive cultural conflict between peoples; it’s the lack of understanding which in turn creates prejudices and fears. The increased interactions between peoples have led to a wider acceptance of and fascination with other cultures, helping us understand why foreign societies live the way they do. Huntington argues: ‘†¦Russians cannot become Estonians and Azeri’s cannot become Armenian’vii. An Estonian living in Russia will absorb aspects of Russian culture depending on one’s willingness, length of stay and the extent to which one feels alienated or accepted by Russian society. Thus the objective elements invoked are not convincingly definitive in determining one’s identity; an Englishman may choose to convert to Islam while a Chinese citizen in Shanghai may choose to learn French as a pastime. Globalization in itself has penetrated the long-standing limitations in global trade of the past; politicians ever increasingly have to consider the global implications of domestic policy. More than ever national states around the world are dependent upon each other; the United States Demands Chinese goods while China needs the US to buy its goods. Huntington ascribes ideas such as constitutionalism, human rights, the rule of law, free markets and democracy as Western; unable to gain a foothold in other civilizations. He writes: ‘Modern democratic government originated in the West. When it has developed in non-western societies it has usually been the product of the western colonialism or imposition’viii. suggesting that somehow peoples of other civilizations may not be able to sustain or see the benefits of a form of democratic governance. The people of India would point out that democratic government was formed in their country despite, not because of the Westix. Today more than two-thirds of the world’s governments operate in some form of democracy, which reaffirms the idea that democracy is a universal value, contradicting Huntington’s view of its general Western exclusivity. If asked, most Middle-Easterners would prefer the idea of a democratic to authoritarian governancex; the limitation of democratic development in the region however is a product of the unstable and incompatible political landscape rather than the irreconcilability of the culture. Defining the religious aspects of the Western Civilization, Huntington justifies the grouping of Protestant and Catholic Christians into a single entity by emphasizing shared experiences in European history such as the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution which in turn separates them from the Orthodox Christians beyond Central Europexi. Although it is evident that the closer proximity of those events has influenced Protestants and Catholics more than their Orthodox counterparts, the closer resemblance of Catholic and Orthodox practices and beliefs as opposed to Protestants is however neglected. Huntington consistently appeals to religion as the primary source of cultural identity, rightly so, to a Christian the creeds of their religion have a profound influence on their world view and thus how they would identify themselves. When speaking of the Islamic civilization however, Huntington doesn’t seem to make the effort to differentiate between the major denominations of Shia, Sunni and Sufism which have so strongly influenced the historical and especially current political landscape of the Middle-East. In a passionate attempt to warn his fellow Americans of the potential threats that their country may face in the post-Cold War environment, Huntington essentially perpetuated ideas that were dangerous and self-fulfilling. The existence of a Confucian-Islamic connection that may threaten the West described by Huntingtonxii is yet to be empirically verified, as the Chinese and US economies remain inter-linked and Barrack Obama moves towards a policy of dialogue in the Middle-East. Given the history of US foreign policy, legislators would have found Huntington’s paradigm easy to understand and convenient in terms of implementation. A worldview of distrust towards foreign powers that demands the maintaining of military superiority in the name of security panders to the powerful military industrial complex in the US. In order to maintain peace, global stability and have any hopes of dealing with transnational issues such as global warming, policy makers should regard all nations as members of the world community and work closer with international organizations such as the UN and WTO in establishing universal laws. The alienation and coercion of other governments will indeed create an atmosphere of antagonism and hostility.

The Lotus Essay Example

The Lotus Essay That would of flowers be undisputed queen, The lily and the rose, long long had been Rivals for that high honour. Bards of power Had sung their claims. The rose can never tower Like the pale lily with her Juno mien But is the lily lovelier? Thus between Flower fractions rang the strife in Psyches bower. Give me a flower delicious as the rose And stately as the lily in her pride- But of what colour? - Rose red, Love first chose, Then prayed, No, lily-white, or both provide; And Flora gave the lotus, rose red dyed And lily white, queenliest flower that blows. Explanation 1: Toru Dutt is one of the famous Indo-Anglican poets. Most of her poems have an Indian theme and an Indian background. The poem, ‘The Lotus’ is a sonnet in the Petrarchan type. Toru Dutt’s mastery over the sonnet form is proved in this poem. The sonnet is divided into two divisions, the Octave and the Sestet. The octave consists of eight lines and the sestet consists of six lines. A sonnet deals with a single idea, the octave proposing and the sestet resolving. Within 14 lines of the sonnet, Toru Dutt raises a problem in the Octave and resolves it in the sestet. In this poem, Toru Dutt presents the idea that the Indian Lotus is the most beautiful of all flowers. For a long time, Lily and Rose had been fighting for the title ‘Queen of flowers. ’ Each flower with its own support from poets, claimed for the title. At this time, God of Love came to Goddess Flora asking for a flower, which would be the unchallenged queen of flowers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lotus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lotus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lotus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She wanted for a flower, which was stately as the Lily and as delicious as the Rose. Goddess Flora gave God of Love the lotus flower and resolved the long standing quarrel between Lily and Rose. Great poets supported the flowers according to their wish, and some poets even raised the doubt if the lily was beautiful than the rose. Lotus combines the redness of the rose with the paleness of the lily. Goddess Flora created Lotus, which was both rose red and lily white. One more thing to note is that the lotus is a flower of significance both to Indian and the Hindu religion. We can understand Toru Dutt’s affection for an Indian flower and also she wanted to establish the superiority of Hindu religion over other religions in the world. As Toru Dutt was brought up and educated abroad, she always turned to classical mythology to establish her stand. Explanation 2: The poem, The Lotus is a sonnet in the Petrarchan type. Toru Dutts mastery over the sonnet form is proved in this poem. The sonnet is divided into two divisions, the Octave and the Sestet. The octave consists of eight lines and the sestet consists of six lines. A sonnet deals with a single idea, the octave proposing and the sestet resolving. Within 14 lines of the sonnet, Toru Dutt raises a problem in the Octave and resolves it in the sestet. In this poem, Toru Dutt presents the idea that the Indian Lotus is the most beautiful of all flowers. For a long time, Lily and Rose had been fighting for the title Queen of flowers. Each flower with its own support from poets, claimed for the title. At this time, God of Love came to Goddess Flora asking for a flower, which would be the unchallenged queen of flowers. She wanted for a flower, which was stately as the Lily and as delicious as the Rose. Goddess Flora gave God of Love the lotus flower and resolved the long standing quarrel between Lily and Rose. Great poets supported the flowers according to their wish, and some poets even raised the doubt if the lil y was beautiful than the rose. Lotus combines the redness of the rose with the paleness of the lily. Goddess Flora created Lotus, which was both rose red and lily white. One more thing to note is that the lotus is a flower of significance both to Indian and the Hindu religion. We can understand Toru Dutts affection for an Indian flower and also she wanted to establish the superiority of Hindu religion over other religions in the world. As Toru Dutt was brought up and educated abroad, she always turned to classical mythology to establish her stand.

Micro-analysis Tablet Industry Essay Example

Micro Micro-analysis Tablet Industry Paper Micro-analysis Tablet Industry Paper It can also be argued that the increase in sales could be driven by back-Washbowl promotions. Because the tablet PC market is reaching its maturity stage because of the growing number of sellers, the choice available to the consumer is big. The worldwide tablet market is led by Apples Pad product line. Although Apples market share decreased with % In one year, it maintains its leading position in 2014 with 22,8 % share of the market. Samsung is ranked on the second place with 18,3 % of the market share. SASS holds a number three position despite its decreased market share from 7. 4% in 2013 to 6. 5% in 2014. Leno, who occupied the number 3 position in the second quarter of 014, digressed to the 4th position with only 3 million units with a 5. 7% QUO market share. Finally, RCA achieved Its number five position by shipping 2. 6 million units and also bumping their market shares up to We could therefore state that the tablet industry is a oligopoly with Apple occupying the leading position, challenged by Samsung and SASS, Leno and RCA as main followers in this market. Brief analysis of Porters Five Forces In this paragraph the five factors of the Porters Five Forces Model will be briefly discussed. Firstly, the extend of competitive rivalry Is quite high due to the large umber of competing companies. Although it is forecasted that Apple and Samsung are going to remain their leading position in the medium term, it is possible that these leaders could be challenged by other companies since more and more competitors are starting to appear in the table industry. As we can see in the table above, 41 . 8% of the market share is hold by other companies than the top five vendors of tablets and they are all trying to obtain market share. There Is a big competition between the tablet companies because innovation is needed to survive n this industry as technologies continue to transform. Concerning the bargaining power of buyers, customers can switch tablet brand without actual costs. They have the choice between a large number of different tablets from different companies. Because these products arent largely differentiated, every type of customer can choose every type or brand of the tablet. The only factor that could restrict the power AT Dryers Is ten Tact Tanat one AT ten operating system Is parterre over ten toner one, but this can only be considered as a small restriction. Overall, the power of the client an thus be considered high. The bargaining power of the supplier on the other hand is rather low as companies in this industry are manufacturing their products by themselves and thus are not dependent of a supplier. The threat of potential new entrants into this market can be considered rather low or medium as it can be difficult for new companies to catch up with the big companies who already have experience and a high brand awareness and because of the high startup capital that is needed to enter this industry. Finally, the threat of substitutes is high as the customer has the choice between a wide range of products who are able to offer the buyer more or less the same functionalities.

Activation Energy (Ea) Chemistry Definition

Activation Energy (Ea) Chemistry Definition Activation energy is the  minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction. It is the height of the potential energy barrier between the potential energy minima of the reactants and products. Activation energy  is denoted by Ea and typically has units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). The term activation energy was introduced by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius in 1889. The Arrhenius equation relates activation energy to the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds: k Ae-Ea/(RT) where k is the reaction rate coefficient, A is the frequency factor for the reaction, e is the irrational number (approximately equal to 2.718), Ea is the activation energy, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin). From the Arrhenius equation, it can be seen that the rate of reaction changes according to temperature. Normally, this means a chemical reaction proceeds more quickly at a higher temperature. There are, however, a few cases of negative activation energy, where the rate of a reaction decreases with temperature. Why Is Activation Energy Needed? If you mix together two chemicals, only a small number of collisions will naturally occur between the reactant molecules to make products. This is particularly true if the molecules have low kinetic energy. So, before a significant fraction of reactants can be converted into products, the free energy of the system must be overcome. The activation energy gives the reaction that little extra push needed to get going. Even exothermic reactions require activation energy to get started. For example, a stack of wood wont start burning on its own. A lit match can provide the activation energy to start combustion. Once the chemical reaction starts, the heat released by the reaction provides the activation energy to convert more reactant into product. Sometimes a chemical reaction proceeds without adding any additional energy. In this case, the activation energy of the reaction is usually supplied by heat from the ambient temperature. Heat increases the motion of the reactant molecules, improving their odds of colliding with each other and increasing the force of the collisions. The combination makes it more likely bonds between reactant will break, allowing for the formation of products. Catalysts and Activation Energy A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called a catalyst. Basically, a catalyst acts by modifying the transition state of a reaction. Catalysts are not consumed by the chemical reaction and they dont change the equilibrium constant of the reaction. Relationship Between Activation Energy and Gibbs Energy Activation energy is a term in the Arrhenius equation used to calculate the energy needed to overcome the transition state from reactants to products. The Eyring equation is another relation that describes the rate of reaction, except instead of using activation energy, it includes Gibbs energy of the transition state. The Gibbs energy of the transition state factors in both enthalpy and entropy of a reaction. Activation energy and Gibbs energy are related, but not interchangeable.

Decision-Making Process, Communication Errors Coursework

Decision-Making Process, Communication Errors - Coursework Example Such reaction entails critical thinking. In addition, utilization of the nursing process aids the nurse in thinking and adopting priority steps for the sake of patient care. The nurse incorporates steeps of problem identification and assessment, coming up with goals and interventions to curb the problem, intervening and evaluating whether the goal were achieved to the best level. The goals must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound. Proper decision-making improves the patient care, making it holistic and hence decreasing the hospital stay through quick recovery (Dowding & Thompson, 2013). Communication errors in nursing arise when there is inappropriate handing over between shifts. In such case, there is a breakage in the continuity of care provided to the patients. There is fragmentation of care and decreased satisfaction to the patient. The result is poor healing and over hospitalization leading to death. During reporting and handing over shifts, wrong information may be passed regarding certain patients. It has direct implications to the subsequent care. Wrong documentation impeaches the patient rights to have good care, and can lead to legal implications to the staff since it is a form of negligence. There is subsequent increase in the cost of care towards the patient side since he is receiving what he not supposed to receive (Zendejas, Ali, Huebner, & Farley,

A National Minimum Vacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A National Minimum Vacation - Essay Example ils to acknowledge the relevance of the argument and in defense establishes a causative chain where he reasons that vacations are instrumental in facilitating development if recreation industry. People on vacation would require the services of hotels, travel, recreation as well as restaurants, which means that this would be creation of jobs. According to Reich therefore, increasing the vacation time would increase demand to such services as are provided by the players within the hotel and recreation industry hence increasing their productivity. This shows that prolonged vacation contributes towards increased productivity in the country because of improved performance by other industries. This paper establishes therefore that overall productivity of the American people’s productivity would be boosted by the increment of vacation time through boosting the productivity of individual worker while at the same time creating higher opportunities within subsidiary industries such as t he hotel industry. Reich is therefore effectively supports his causal chain argument and I agree with him. Such policy legislation has the capacity of creating an incentive to individual employees who would reciprocate through increased productivity. Moreover, the need established through services required by employees on vacation increases productivity of such subsidiary industries hence increased overall productivity in the country. Reich adopts an assertive tone in the entire excerpt as revealed through the choice of words adopted as well as through his chronological argument. First, he feels and expresses his argument as a part of the entire system and therefore feels that he belongs and would desire such a change as he postulates. The argument presents the opinions respectfully, appropriately as well as clearly as shown through the calm and clarity of voice adopted. The choice of the words ‘holds on’ for instance shows that he is confident and in control of his position in the

How to Promote Service Users Rights and Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

How to Promote Service Users Rights and Responsibilities Essay Responsibilities In care settings the term quality practice is used to describe the promotion of service users` rights, which are essentially the same rights that are afforded to everyone else, such as the right to marry and freedom of expression; Care workers must actively promote the rights of service users in order to maintain quality practice. One of the toughest things is to balance out rights and responsibilities. It means taking ownership not only of your stuff, but also keeping an eye out for the other people as well. For example, being responsible around the Queensland for the service users may mean cleaning up after your mess and taking care of your belongings, but it also means having consideration for others, keeping the group areas of Queensland in reasonable condition, etc. The responsibility extends beyond yourself, but to others in your environment as well. The service users are normally taught about rights early on as well. Rights are what service users are or should be entitled like confidentiality is their right. Service users are entitled to make everyday choices, such as what food they wish to eat, what time they go to bed and get up, and what activities they wish to join. Encouraging service users to make choices is all about promoting independence, which at times may involve some level of risk (such as if service users want to go out shopping etc). It would be the care workers responsibility to assess (in collaboration with the service user) whether the amount of risk attached to certain activities is acceptable or not. Service users have the right to take risks, but the careers involved have a responsibility to ensure the safety of the service user. This is how in situations rights and responsibilities in Queensland are balanced: If there are seven disable service users, and they all need a wheelchair for going out, and sometimes Queensland have a day out, now there is tension arisen here as not all of the disable service users would be allowed to go spend their day out, the solution for this problem would be that some of he disable service users have to stay behind and go the next day, and it would be care worker. To make choices In decision-making, Choice of activities and events in daily life in relation to the Services received. This standard is intended to ensure the service provider implements Policies and practices that: †¢ provide opportunities for service users to make informed decisions and choices on a day-to-day basis according to their individual Needs †¢ incorporate flexible service delivery options, which reflect the ever-changing Needs and choices of service users. †¢ Aim at a balance between the principles of duty of care and least Restrictive alternatives that don’t unduly limit the ability of service Users to make decisions or take responsibility for their actions †¢ facilitate access to other support required by service users to adequately represent their needs, views, interests, choice and right. To confidentiality This standard is intended to ensure the service provider implements policies and practices that: †¢ comply with the privacy principles contained within relevant legislation †¢ ensure that service users are treated with dignity and respect in all aspects of their lives †¢ maintain the confidentiality of all personal information relating to service users. To protect Right to protect quality care in care setting which involves in providing protection. This helps to apply protection of: Service users, e.g. they need to keep them save. Service user’s property e.g. by preventing theft. Care workers, e.g. by keeping them and their property in safe hands. Owners and managers of health, social care and early year’s settings are responsible for making sure that those within their care are protected from harm. This means that many care settings have installed security pads on all entrances and exists. To gain access to the care settings either a confidential number must be keyed in or the door bell has to be used to summon help. In this way no unwanted visitors can access the building. Protection also means that making sure that service users are not abused. Service users are often unable to protect themselves and are at the mercy of those who care for them. It would be quite easy for a care worker to become angry or frustrated with a service user, particularly if they had a lot to do and the service user was displayed challenging behaviour.

Essay --

Nehal Banik 12-12-13 Period 4 Room 121 The Noble Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address simply conveys the ideas that expands his wisdom of politics and Civil War, and civilizes those who wish to respect the dead that passed away fighting for their country. Abraham Lincoln, a great spokesman, and wise critic, throughout his speech uses many techniques that grasp his audience’s attention and pull them into the scenario at hand. His speech contains miscellaneous information from throughout human history that respects the great men that have fought for this country, and pertains to circumstances that would have been helpful in convincing his audience. The Gettysburg Address uses parallel structure that determines the tone of relaying a message of lost soldiers that fought for their part in the country. He is trying to establish a purpose where the Union needs to succeed and cannot perish before the country is whole again. The Gettysburg Address was written in a form that was meant to show his audience what had happened at Gettysburg; one of t he bloodiest and goring battles of the war; and was meant to convey his idea of our nation, and address the people about the peace and sacrifices that have been made so that the war would come to end and the that the nations success would not go down in vain. The purpose of his speech was to rally the people and spread his idea to the nation; to represent that the ideas that encircled the documents written by the founding fathers, and not let their imposing deaths go in vain. In the text, Lincoln begins to state, â€Å"That government of the people, by the people, shall not perish from the earth.† Lincoln translates the morals once taught by the founding fathers; government and democracy will... ... parallel structure not only are represented without restraint, but they were conveyed in respected manners of the viewer’s bias and were therefore abiding. The purpose and main ideas of the Gettysburg Address was to honor the brave soldiers that fought in the blood battles, and complete their task that was not finished. He begins to stress the importance of liberty and freedom. He wants the nation to be whole again and united so that they can improve it for the future generations. He tries to convey a message to everyone that they all have a part in the war and when they realize their job they can finally begin to move forward. The Gettysburg Address tells the people of America that even if many are lost, that their specific mission is not finished and there is still much to do before freedom can be portrayed by the people that live henceforth on this continent. Essay -- Nehal Banik 12-12-13 Period 4 Room 121 The Noble Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address simply conveys the ideas that expands his wisdom of politics and Civil War, and civilizes those who wish to respect the dead that passed away fighting for their country. Abraham Lincoln, a great spokesman, and wise critic, throughout his speech uses many techniques that grasp his audience’s attention and pull them into the scenario at hand. His speech contains miscellaneous information from throughout human history that respects the great men that have fought for this country, and pertains to circumstances that would have been helpful in convincing his audience. The Gettysburg Address uses parallel structure that determines the tone of relaying a message of lost soldiers that fought for their part in the country. He is trying to establish a purpose where the Union needs to succeed and cannot perish before the country is whole again. The Gettysburg Address was written in a form that was meant to show his audience what had happened at Gettysburg; one of t he bloodiest and goring battles of the war; and was meant to convey his idea of our nation, and address the people about the peace and sacrifices that have been made so that the war would come to end and the that the nations success would not go down in vain. The purpose of his speech was to rally the people and spread his idea to the nation; to represent that the ideas that encircled the documents written by the founding fathers, and not let their imposing deaths go in vain. In the text, Lincoln begins to state, â€Å"That government of the people, by the people, shall not perish from the earth.† Lincoln translates the morals once taught by the founding fathers; government and democracy will... ... parallel structure not only are represented without restraint, but they were conveyed in respected manners of the viewer’s bias and were therefore abiding. The purpose and main ideas of the Gettysburg Address was to honor the brave soldiers that fought in the blood battles, and complete their task that was not finished. He begins to stress the importance of liberty and freedom. He wants the nation to be whole again and united so that they can improve it for the future generations. He tries to convey a message to everyone that they all have a part in the war and when they realize their job they can finally begin to move forward. The Gettysburg Address tells the people of America that even if many are lost, that their specific mission is not finished and there is still much to do before freedom can be portrayed by the people that live henceforth on this continent.

Communication Merit Essay

In this written piece I will be assessing the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care with references to theories of communication. The theories are; Soler theory, Tuckman’s theory and the communication cycle. The Soler theory was created by a man called Gerard Egan. He believed that this theory shows that basic non-verbal communication can help make a person feel involved and cared for when working with another person. This theory is a non-verbal listening method that is used commonly in communication. Soler means: S – Facing squarely- By doing this it shows that a service provider is involved with their clients. The body direction shows the message that you are involved with the other person. O – Keep an open posture- Keeping an open posture means not crossing arms and legs as this sends a message to the other person that you are talking too that you’re not involved or really interested. L –Lean- By leaning forward when a person is talking to you, it shows that you are involved and listening to what the other persons is saying. E – Use good eye contact- By having good eye contact with a clients, this shows that you are listening and that you are not distracted and shows you are involved because you are focusing on the person you are talking to. R – Be relaxed- It is important to keep still and not move about when a person is talking to you. You would use Soler Theory in a GP’s, such as; if someone has got an illness and needs to go to the doctors, the GP would sit squarely in front of the patient and keep an open posture and also, use good eye contact. The GP would use this theory to let the patient know that he is listening to them and to show the patient that you can tell him the problem without feeling shy or embarrassed. You may need to give someone some bad news and by using this communication theory, you will be comforting them and giving them your undivided attention, making them feels that they are valued. If you are giving the person some bad news, you will need to be serious and professional so that the other person trusts and respects you. However if you were fussing about with something else, not concentrating, kept looking at your watch as if wanting to be somewhere else or on your mobile the last thing they would want is to hear some bad news from you. Solar theory can be used in Interviews, such as, the interview could be 2 people getting to know  each other e.g. within early years or education teachers/minders would need to get to know the new children starting/enrolling. This would enable them to build a stable relationship with the child meaning they gain as much help or as little help needed to suit them. The teacher/carer would also get to know how the child best learns. An interview like this is often when first impressions are made so body language is very important. The Soler theory is good within counselling. Counsellors are often dealing with people in a fragile state of mind and will more than likely struggle to trust just anyone. The biggest part of a counsellor’s job is to listen to someone’s problems and react appropriately. Counselling sessions could become quite tense, especially if the counselee is on edge. The R in SOLER states that you need to be relaxed whilst paying attention, seeming relaxed would reduce the tense atmosphere making the other person relax. Soler theory, also states facing the other person squarely with an open posture, this makes the person talking feel valued, making them want to open up to the couns ellor and talk more. The Tuckman’s theory was created by Bruce Tuckman. He developed the four stages of team development in a group, which are; The Forming, Storming, Norming and performing stages. In order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. This model has become the basis for subsequent models of team dynamics and frequently used management theory to describe the behaviour of existing teams. Forming Stage- The forming of the team takes place. The team will meet and learn about the; opportunity, challenges, agrees on goals and begin to tackle the tasks. They may be motivated but are usually relatively uninformed of the issues and objectives of the team. The team members are usually behaved but very focused of them self’s. Supervisors of the team during this stage tend to need to be directive. Storming Stage- Every group will enter the Storming stage, in which different ideas compete for consideration. The team will address issues in the group, such as; what problems they are supposed to solve, how will they function independently and together and who would be the leader in the group. The team members will open out to each other and confront each other’s ideas and perspectives. Norming Stage- At some point, the team may enter the norming stage and team members will adjust their behaviours to each other as they develop work habits that will make the teamwork seem more  natural and fluid. Team members may often work through this stage by agreeing on; the rules, values, professional behaviours, shared methods and working tools. During this stage, team members will begin to trust each other and the motivation will increase as the team gets more acquainted with the project. Performing Stage- Some teams will reach the performing stage. These teams are able to function as a unit as they find ways to get the jobs done smoothly and effectively without conflict or the need of supervision. The team members will have become independent and will be motivated and knowledgeable. The team members are now competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision. You would use Tuckmans theory in multi-agency services, such as, If someone was physically abused, they might contact the police to report the abuser, but the person who has been abused might need to go to the hospital due to the pain where they have been hit, so the police will pass this situ ation to the hospital once they have finished. Once the hospital has finished with the person who has been abused, they might pass the situation to a counsellor because, the person who has been abused may be suicidal due to the physical and emotional abuse. All of these services would work as a team and go through the Tuckman Stages. The Communication cycle refers to the whole process of communication from the origin up to the conceptualizing and the response of the intended message by the right person. The communication cycle is not complete before feedback even if the message reached the intended recipient. There are 6 stages in the communication cycle. An idea occurs- This is the first stage of the cycle, which is when you have an idea that you want to communicate. Message coded- In this stage you will think through how you going to communicate and what you are thinking and begin to put your thoughts into language, or even codes such as, sign language. Message sent- This is the point where you send your message in a form of sp eaking, writing or other ways such as, sign language or braille. Message received- This is the stage that focuses on the other person who has to sense the message by hearing your word or seeing your symbols. Message decoded- This is a vital stage of the communication cycle, where the other person will interpret the message. Message understood- This is the final stage of the communication cycle, this is when the message is understood and they are able to communicate effectively. The Communication cycle is used when trying to communicate  sensitive subjects. For example, if someone is dying, we can use the communication cycle to make sure that we don’t say anything insensitive or even hurtful to the person who is meant be receiving the information. We can use the communication cycle to encode the information correctly. It is also important to make sure that we communicate the information at the correct time to prevent a misunderstanding of the message. The place and method of communication is also important in communicating a sensitive subject effectively and sensitively. We use the Communication cycle in any health and social care services because everyone processes the Communication cycle. Blurtit Ltd. [Online] http://science.blurtit.com/157992/the-6-stages-of-the-communication-cycle-are-obtain-or-giving-thoughts-noting-body. [Available from: 22nd January 2014] AntiEssays.com. (2014) [Online] http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/325901.html. [Available from: 22nd January 2014]

Ethical Dilemmas Essay

Having a career in the human services field is one of the most rewarding jobs. It requires compassion, a sense of urgency and an overall desire to help others. But with the rewards the job comes with, it also does come with a handful of tough situations to come in contact with. As a human service worker, you many come across a range of clients from a family just needing assistance to a client in a life threatening situation. The importance of understanding these issues in depth and knowing how to execute the problems with the safety of the client in mind is crucial. Conchita is a twenty five year old female who has confided to her case worker that she is being sexually harassed by her classroom training instructor. Her case worker is indeed faced with a few dilemmas in Conchita’s case. As stated by the National Organization for Human Services, there are two statements that would apply to this case. Statement one which reads â€Å"human service professionals negotiate with clients the purpose, goals, and nature of the helping relationship prior to its onset as well as inform clients of the limitations of the proposed relationships (Ethical Standards, n.d.)† works directly with statement three. This statement reads â€Å"human service professionals protect the client’s right to privacy and confidentiality, except when such confidentiality would cause harm to the clients or others, when agency guidelines state otherwise, or under other stated conditions. Professionals inform client of the limits of confidentially prior to the onset of the helping relationship (Ethical Standards, n.d)†. These two statements would best suit this case due to the confidentially of Conchita’s case. Although the social worker has given her trust and privacy to Conchita, her health may be in imminent danger and therefore the confidentiality may have to be broken in order to better protect her. This all ties in with statement one because it states that as a professional you are to inform your clients that there are limits to the  social worker- client relationship. This step in the beginning stages of starting a case is extremely important for your client to understand that their health and safety matters and if need be, confidentiality will be broken to prevent further danger. In short, there are two possible solutions that come to mind when I see this case. The social worker can ignore protocol and ethical standards by respecting Conchita’s wishes and not reporting the situation; or he/she can inform Conchita on the importance of rectifying the situation, bringing the harassment to an end by filing a grievance, removing him from the classroom, and also giving her proper counseling to overcome the situation. In the end, the harassment needs to come to an end for the overall well-being of the client. If I was her case worker, I would remind her of the conversation we had when we first met. Confidentiality is very important, and I have agreed to protect her word unless I believe she is in danger. Sexual harassment can be detrimental to one’s well-being so I would have to report the inappropriate behaviors. Although it is not ethical to break confidentiality, it is legal (Mandell & Schram, 2012, pg. 516) and in the end it could save my clients from years of pain and suffering. Because it is legal and for the fact that there are legal protection such as privileged communication to support human service workers of having to open up about a situation that was promised to the client to be confidential, I would use these to my advantage to get Conchita help in her situation. Also, there may be more than one victim and by telling me what happened, Conchita may have helped others come forward. In Herman’s case, he shared with his counselor that he is no longer using controlled substances but he has recently sold some to a friend. His probation officer called his counselor to inquire about Herman and shared that he has some suspicion about Herman using and selling drugs again, and if so his parole will be revoked. When referring to the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals provided by the National Organization for Human Services, Herman’s situation would apply to statement three. â€Å"Human service professionals protect the right to privacy and confidentiality  except when such confidentially would cause harm to the client or others, when agency guidelines state otherwise, or under other state conditions. Professionals inform clients of the limits of confidentiality prior to the onset of the helping relationship (Ethical Standards, n.d)†. Privacy, defined as the right to be left alone (Mandell & Schram, 2012, pg. 522) is one thing that Herman believes he has to right to. Although Herman most likely confided in his counselor figuring he is protected by his right to privacy, he has put someone else’s life in danger by providing them with a drug. Also, being that he is on parole he has violated his parole order. I believe telling Herman’s parole officer would be completely unethical. Herman has confided in me because he knows that we have a confidentiality agreement and he trust me when it comes to telling me things that he normally wouldn’t tell someone. I would refer back to the ethical guidelines and read statement twenty seven which says â€Å"Human service professionals seek appropriate consultation and supervision to assist in decision-making when there are legal, ethical or other dilemmas (Ethical Standards, n.d)†. Herman’s act of selling drugs and being on parole is now touching on a legal matter, because he is not supposed to be participating in any illegal activities while on parole. I believe although it is unethical and would break the confidentiality between Herman and myself, I would tell his parole officer what he has expressed to me. He has sold drugs to a friend, which can cause harm and even result in death and more importantly he has broken the law. In the last case, Indira has admitted having sexual relations with a young man who is believed to have a sexually transmitted disease. She is extremely worried and does not know what to do but does not want to tell her parents what is going on. Indira is only fifteen years old, so to know she is a minor is very important in a case like this. Statement four of the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals is an important statement to remember for Indira’s case. â€Å"If it is suspected that danger or harm may occur to the client or to others as a result of a client’s behavior, the human service professional acts in an appropriate and professional manner to protect the safety of those individuals. This may involve seeking  consultation, supervision, and/or breaking the confidentially of the relationship (Ethical Standards, n.d)†. Sexually transmitted diseases are nothing to joke around about or to take lightly. As her counselor and for her being a minor, I would have to take my concerns to her parent or guardian in order to have her checked out by her doctor. Her overall health may be in danger if in fact she has had unprotected sex with someone who has a sexually transmitted disease. I would express my concern to Indira. Doing some research with Indira and educating her as to what the dangers are and what a sexually transmitted disease really is. Also, I would remind her of our confidentiality agreement and reinforce that if there are reasons for me to believe that she is in danger then I would need to call her parents or she would need to tell them herself. In the guidelines of Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals in statement fifteen it states â€Å"human service professionals describe the effectiveness of programs, treatments, and/or techniques accurately†. This ethical standard would apply to me as the professional in Indira’s case because I would gather information on support groups, or specialty doctors to her parents in order to make sure she receives the proper care now and counseling or youth groups to support her, let her know she isn’t alone and how to be more cautious when it comes to sexual interactions in the future . The human service field can be extremely challenging at times. There will be many times that clients want to confide in you, they trust your privacy and confidentiality agreement and do tell you things they don’t just tell anyone. Some of these secrets are currently or will eventually cause harm to the client and may have legal bindings to break the privacy agreement that was made in the beginning of the counselor-client relationship. Using the National Organization for Human Service Professionals has given detailed guidelines on what is expected of and how to properly execute ethical dilemmas. References Mandell, B., & Schram, B. (2012). Understanding Legal Issues. In An Introduction to Human Services Policy and Practice. National Organization for Human Services. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2015, from http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=43

Tectonic Plates and The Plate Tectonics Theory essays

Tectonic Plates and The Plate Tectonics Theory essays For millions of years, tectonic plates have been determinate of changes in the physical face of the earth, and they continue to do so today. These massive plates move underneath the surfaces of the oceans and the continents, producing earthquakes, volcanoes and uplifts. This paper will discuss the composition, movement and history of tectonic plates, the theory of plate tectonics and its history, and tectonic plates affect the surface of the earth today and will continue to do so in the future. The earth is divided into three main layers: the core, the mantle and the crust. The core is further divided into the solid inner core and the liquid outer core. This layer is mostly iron and nickel and is extremely hot. The mantle is divided into the lower and upper mantle and is composed mostly of iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. The outermost layer, which contains all life on earth, is the crust. This layer is rich in oxygen and silicon as well as aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. It is in between the crust and the mantle that we find tectonic plates. The outermost layers of the earth are divided into two categories based on their physical properties. The asthenosphere is the lower of these categories, composed of clastic or flowing mantle. The upper layer is known as the lithosphere and contains both the top, rigid layer of the mantle and the crust. The lithosphere is what makes up the tectonic plates. The composition of these plates is b ased on their location. Plates under the surface of the ocean are made of mostly of basalt, while continental plates are comprised of rocks such as andesite and granite. It is generally believed that there are 12 plates that make up the earths surface. The majority of these plates are a combination of oceanic and continental lithosphere, while the Nazca, Pacific and Juan de Fuca Plates are made up of mostly oceanic lithosphere. Most of the continents ha...

Studying Abroad Just Go For It! [Interview]

Studying Abroad Just Go For It! [Interview] Have you thought of studying abroad? Probably, yes. However, most likely you are not sitting right now at your laptop in some European country reading this post. That means you are not using your opportunities to spend a semester at some country youve never visited, to learn about their culture and their education. Why are you still in doubt? Probably there are some questions on studying abroad which still bother you and keep you from applying for the program. We decided to help you with that and interview a student who already used her studying abroad opportunity. Judy Su is one of the applicants of Danish Institute for Study Abroad program. She has recently got back home from Copenhagen, where she studied graphic design. She kindly agreed to answer several questions about her time spent in Denmark and share her impressions about the experience she had. We started from the most basic question: How did you decide to apply for studying abroad? I go to the University of Michigan, where study abroad is required for Art Design students. I decided to apply to the Danish Institute for Study Abroad because Ive always admired Scandinavian design, and because my University has a good relationship with theirs. So, making a decision was not a problem for you. What about the application? Is the study abroad application process competitive? To my knowledge it wasnt too competitive given our schools requirement, but the application did include questions about my GPA and required a transcript. Next step after the application is preparation for the trip. A bit of packing advice from Judy: Less clothes, only pictures (no souvenirs) from home, less art supplies. So, your trip started and you arived in Copenhagen. What were the barriers youve faced at first? Obviously, the language. I was lucky that in Copenhagen, nearly everyone speaks English very well. Despite that, all the signs that appear on the streets, public transportation, and in grocery stores (among many other places) are entirely in Danish, so I had to piece things together the best I could. What about other cultural differences youve noticed? It appears that mainly the small things you dont really think about are the most interesting cultural differences. For example, there were bicycles everywhere. It was interesting to get used to looking out for bikes more so than for cars when crossing the street. Another interesting difference is that Danes will almost always wait to cross the street until the walk signal is displayed. Jaywalking results in a lot of glares from those waiting. Lets talk a bit about your studies. What subjects have you studied? Visual Journal, Photojournalism, European Art of the 20th Century, and Graphic Design Studio as my core course. What were the most interesting tasks/projects? In my Graphic Design studio, we were designing an identity for Copenhagen Harbor Farming. For my Photojournalism project, I had an assignment to photograph someone Danish for the semester. We also went for field trips for European Art and Graphic Design. For European Art, we went to Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek to look at their Gauguin collection. Did you get writing assignments while studying in Denmark? What kind of them? Besides being an official blogger for the school, I also did some writing for classes. They were pretty standard papers; I took an art history class, so the majority were for that class. Do they have strict plagiarism policy in college? Does it differ from US plagiarism policies? Yes, but my school was a school specifically for study abroad students, so they followed standard US plagiarism policies. I cant imagine plagiarism rules would be any different in other countries. Youve posted weekly plans in your blog. Did they help you manage your time? The weekly goals were more for me to make the most of my time while I was abroad. I wanted to make sure I didnt miss out on anything that I wanted to see, because I didnt know when I would ever be back. What helped you make your studying more effective? I always found it difficult to get things done in my room (I was sharing my room with two other girls), so I would go to the school and finish work up there. By the way, Judy described her accomodation at Copenhagen on her blog. (quote) The three of us share a bedroom. There are also two bathrooms in my hall. There are people on the floor who have singles too, and all of us have keys to our individual rooms. My building is much more apartment style, so you are living independently†¦ Keep in mind though, there are some DRCs that are more dorm style. Some of the building rules can be a challenge to get used to, especially if you’re used to living in a house or off-campus. In a DRC, you will have an RA, and you will have to follow rules regarding quiet hours, chore rotations, and guests. Would the experience of studying abroad be relevant for your future profession? In what way? Oh, absolutely! I studied graphic design as my core course, and learning about it through an international lens is such a valuable experience. It makes you much more aware of the background and perceptions of your work, and Im glad I was able to learn it this way. In addition, I was just exposed to so much thats different from what I used to see in the States. That definitely helped for drawing inspiration. On her return home in Michigan, US, Judy wrote on her blog: Things here seem kind of like they always have, and it’s only the little things that remind me my semester in Copenhagen wasn’t just a dream. So, we decided to ask Judy: How would you describe your Copenhagen time in just one sentence? Going abroad was one of the most exciting and eye-opening experiences Ive ever had. As a final question, please, give some advice for all the students who are considering to study abroad. Just go for it! I have never heard of anyone who regretted going abroad. Once youre there, make sure you make the most of your time. Studying abroad is such a great opportunity, and you wont want to miss a thing! Thanks, Judy Su, for such an inspirational advice and interesting interview! Hopefully, the thoughts of this cheerful design student will change minds of our readers and help them make the right decision on studying abroad.

Gender Discrimination in Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender Discrimination in Korea - Essay Example A United Nations report estimates that between 30 and 50 percent of all households in Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America depend on a woman as their main provider. In addition, even in the more developed lands, an increasing number of women have had to become the main provider. This notion of gender discrimination is driven by the social development theories that explain the truth behind the existence of the capitalist idealism wherein people are more focused in gaining profit than that of providing respect to the ones that are due of the said recognition. (Peet, 1995) Rural poverty throughout much of the developing world is accelerating this trend. A husband who finds it a constant struggle to feed his family may decide to move to a nearby city or even another country to obtain work. He leaves his wife behind to care for the family. If he is fortunate enough to find a job, he sends paychecks home. But despite his good intentions, this often does not continue (Eiu-young, 1987). But difficult as it is, putting food on the table is not the only challenge women face. Why the sudden change on the role of women being at home Why the sudden direction of seeing women to becoming an epitome of a capitalist society that is better focused on the profits they are to gain than that of the morals that they are better able to establish to set a society that is able to withstand the changes of development that the modern human community itself undergoes at present. Through the theory of global capitalism, the growing difference on the gender status known to the human society and the changes happening to the status of women in connection with the recognition that they are receiving from the people of whom they are dealing with in the society that they are living in. (Peet, 1995) In Korea, this gender discrimination is indeed prevalent in the society. Moreover, this view of women has been strongly advertised through the use of media and continuous social display of discriminating attitudes. In fact, there is an implicit culture in the said country that the beautiful appearance and the physical attractiveness in women are essential stepping-stones for success. This culture really places women as a weaker gender having been able to do nothing without the existence of beauty. It is as if the talents and the considerably fine attributes of women are taken in no regard compared to their beauty. In this regard, the researcher aims to further study the issue on women discrimination existing in Korea through the use of survey. By basing the opinions of the people on how they comprehend on the theme sent out by the movie "Vanity Fair" after having them watch the said film. As said earlier, through this experimentation, the researcher hopes to evaluate the real impact of media in the society with regards to the issue of inequality, thus being able to formulate possible solutions to the said social plague. The Issues The theory of Marxian conception on the material conception of life has been the basic source of understanding used by the researcher of this paper in an aim of creating

Legal Issues in Reduction of Workforce Case Study

Legal Issues in Reduction of Workforce - Case Study Example How did you balance the legal risk of terminating individuals from a protected class against the business risk of losing valuable talent Are there are any extenuating regulatory circumstances(e.g exceptions to employment at will, or collective bargaining agreement )that would affect the decision to terminate the above referenced employees Collective bargaining consists of negotiations between an employer and a group of employees so as to determine the conditions of employment. The result of collective bargaining procedures is a collective agreement. Employees are often represented in bargaining by a union or other labor organization. Collective bargaining is governed by federal and state statutory laws, administrative agency regulations, and judicial decisions. In areas where federal and state law overlap, state laws are preempted. See, U.S. Constitution, Art. VI The main body of law governing collective bargaining is the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). It explicitly grants employees the right to collectively bargain and join trade unions. The NLRA was originally enacted by Congress in 1935 under its power to regulate interstate commerce. See, U.S. Constitution Art. I, Section 8. ... The act prohibits employers from interfering with this selection. The NLRA requires the employer to bargain with the appointed representative of its employees. It does not require either side to agree to a proposal or make concessions but does establish procedural guidelines on good faith bargaining. Proposals which would violate the NLRA or other laws may not be subject to collective bargaining. The NLRA also establishes regulations on what tactics (e.g. strikes, lock-outs, picketing) each side may employ to further their bargaining objectives. State laws further regulate collective bargaining and make collective agreements enforceable under state law. They may also provide guidelines for those employers and employees not covered by the NLRA, such as agricultural laborers. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution used as an alternative to litigation. It is commonly designated in collective agreements between employers and employees as the way to resolve disputes. The parties select a neutral third party (an arbiter) to hold a formal or informal hearing on the disagreement. The arbiter then issues a decision binding on the parties. Both federal and state law governs the practice of arbitration. While the Federal Arbitration Act, by its own terms, is not applicable to employment contracts, federal courts are increasingly applying the law in labor disputes. Fourty-nine states have adopted the Uniform Arbitration Act (1956) as state law. Thus, the arbitration agreement and decision of the arbiter may be enforceable under state and federal law. Employment Discrimination laws seek to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age by

Can country risk analysis be quantifiedShould CRA be quantified Essay

Can country risk analysis be quantifiedShould CRA be quantified - Essay Example These samples of observations help analysts to develop a statistical function which is open to probability analysis. Most of the events which are individually investigated by country risk analysis will come down closer to doubts rather than clear statistical risks. This drives the analysts to build risk channels from judgmental or theoretical foundations and may not be probabilistic. Country risk analysis depends upon the basic principle that increasing instabilities in social, political or economic components augment the risk of a deficit in the anticipated payoff on an investment. Imbalances in a particular risk factor represent one or more risk classes. Mapping all the elements at proper level of control produces a general assessment of venture risk. The structure of mapping varies with the type of investment giving rise to an imbalance in a given factor creating different risks for different investments. Unfortunately there is no all-inclusive theory which can guide the procedure of mapping the process in a country risk analysis (Sabal J., 2002). Country risk services build their risk measures with the help of an assorted mix of socio-political or economic indicants established on the choice of standards. These standards are developed out of analysts’ knowledge, experience and judgment. The services generally merge a range of factors indicating real and possible imbalances into a complete risk assessment which applies to a wide range of investment classes. Analysts have separated country risk into 6 major categories. But many of these categories overlap each other. Although most of the risk analysts do not agree with this list; these 6 constructs can be seen in risk ratings of virtually every service as seen below. Yes, country risk has to be quantified. The quantification of a country risk will help the investors to calculate the cash flow out of their investments. Investments can be based on

Organizational Structure And Specialisation

Organizational Structure And Specialisation In organizational structure we arrange people into groups and different departments. Organizational structure provides the pathway for the system of coverage that drives a business, dividing it into areas or departments that are responsible for certain aspects of the organizations purpose. An organization divides jobs among employees to achieve their goals more efficiently. There are different key factors which will help us to create an organization structure .we will discuss them below Work specialization: When an individual perform certain job several time on daily bases, that individual get habitual to that specific task and become experienced by doing that task again and again, this is called as work specialization. Advantages: Through work specialization level of efficiency increases in employees. Disadvantages: Employees can become bore by doing same task again and again. Lack of interest might increase by doing same task again and again. Departmentalization: Departmentalization is the combination of four departments operating department, marketing department, HRM department and finance department. This is the process of performing different tasks, advertising products, managing resources (hiring employees, machinery etc) for different tasks and providing budgets for performing different of different departments. Functional departmentalization Product departmentalization Geographic departmentalization Process departmentalization Customer departmentalization Functional departmentalization: In functional departmentalization peoples are grouped together according to the work they specialize. Groups of people then perform similar tasks and uses similar materials. Groups are then further divided into sub departments. Advantages: Efficiency of employees increases by doing same work again and again. Hiring/firing and training of employees gets easier. Each department will be responsible for their tasks. Disadvantages: In this structure communication, coordination is poor and accountability becomes difficult in this structure. http://static.flatworldknowledge.com/sites/all/files/imagecache/book/27984/fwk-collins-fig06_008.jpg (htt) (Figure showing functional departmentalization) Product departmentalization: In product departmentalization work is grouped on the basis of manufactured goods they produce. Example Nestle corporation uses product departmentalization technique for their wide range of products. Nestle produces different products like Nestle food, Nestle Beverages, Nestle Baby care products etc is controlled by executives who have full responsibility for their products. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/3300080301004.png (htt1) (Figure showing product departmentalization) Geographic departmentalization: In this type of structure departmentalization occurs on the basis of region, area. Example Standard Chartered Bank has their branches almost in every city of Pakistan. Like head department of Standard Chartered Bank is in Karachi and their branches are spread over all other cities of Pakistan. Advantages: Services can be easily available for employees. Employees satisfaction increases by providing them services in every city. Service of one department in one city can be different from another department in another city. This might create some problems. Duplication of resources by having lots of managers and staff. Lack of communication with head office is the disadvantages. Process departmentalization: In process departmentalization department are organize to perform particular job. The members of staff are grouped together to concentrate on specific job. In process departmentalization specialization increases because worker has to focus on single task. Example: Making Passport, ID Card etc. Chain of command: A chain of command set up the line of authority within the organization. It helps employee that to whom they will be responsible. Its starting with the board of directors and extended down through the various level in hierarchy to the point where basic function of the organization carried out. Centralization: Centralization is a procedure where top managers take decision; in centralization authority and power remain with high-class managers. Lower level employee are not considerable that much important. Decentralization: Decentralization is the reciprocal of centralization. Here planning and decision-making are distributed among employees. Decentralization has several benefits compare to centralization Employees get motivated by involving them in decision making Decision making get faster. coordination improve through organization Matrix structure: Matrix structure is combination of several different designs want to combine their benefits and avoid there drawbacks. Employees have to responsible for two bases. Organizational Culture: Definition: A specific system of running, controlling which represents and distinguishes an organization from another organization OR Physical image of an organization that is values, understanding, attitude, norms of an organization Characteristics of organization culture: Organizational culture plays major role in the development of an organization. Its gives distinct value to organization, it smoothen path for innovation and risk taking, it provides stability to organization. Some more characteristics of organization structure are explained below. Dominant value: As the name indicates dominant values are specific qualities of a person or an organization. Major values of an organization or person are called as dominant value. Rules: Complete framework of an organization for new coming employees and to the existing employees. All employees must obey all the rules and regulations of an organization. Example, what time to come, when to leave, what to do and what not do etc. Organization climate: Is physical layout of an organization that is how the building of an organization, is it well decorated, how are employees of organization, their dress their attitude toward clients etc? Example: Standard Charted Bank. When we go there we will notice that building would be nicely decorated, all the employees will have proper uniform etc which is the physical representation of Standard Chartered Bank Philosophy: As we know for an organization costumers are king because without costumer organization cannot run. Philosophy is the main characteristic of an organization culture because here we emphasis on how to treat customers and how to behave costumers. Team orientation: Team orientation is another salient characteristic of organizational culture. Individuals or groups of individuals are grouped together to perform different activities of an organization. Innovation and risk taking: Working on new thing is called as innovation, no doubt innovation is quite risky but it can be very helpful for an organization. https://static.flatworldknowledge.com/sites/all/files/imagecache/book/30774/fwk-carpenter-fig08_005.jpg (htt2) Example viewing organization culture: Mobilink GSM: culture of Mobilink GSM is to totally satisfy customer and shareholders wants, their dominant values include business brilliance, confidence honesty value for public, corporate social responsibility. Sub Culture: Sub culture is basically a culture with in a culture, like every organization has its specific culture then in organization every department has its own culture that is style of operating controlling of marketing department is different than finance department and similarly culture of HR department is different that marketing department. Developing Organizational Culture: While developing a culture there are some factors which affect organizational culture at a great, of which some are explained below. Economic conditions: Economic conditions has great affect on organization culture because if the time for an organization is prosperous so definitely organizations will be looking for innovations, new ideas etc but on the other hand if time is not prosperous, there are inflations for an organizations so no doubt organization will face a lot of problems. Formation: Formation or structure means how are tasks ordered. In flexible structured organization employees are motivated by giving them rewards etc. Employees are given good working condition. On the other hand if the structure of organization is stressful so definitely employees will be demotivated this will decrease their interest level of work. Leadership style: Leader must implement such rule and regulations which are both convenient for employees to follow as well as profitable for organization. It is up to the leader how he controls an organization. Changing Culture: Changing organizational culture is huge tough task according to expert it takes 8 years for an organization to change their culture as a whole, but mostly organizations alter their negative culture. Change in culture can be made by changing mission and vision of an organization etc. Some factors which are playing great role in changing organization culture are described below. Mission and Vision: In order to change organizational culture changes must be made in the mission and vision statement of organization. As mission and vision is communication purpose to stakeholders, mission and vision for an organization should be wisely selected. Alteration from top to down: While changing organizational culture it is important that whatever changes are made by an organization it should be followed by top level managers as well lower level managers and employees because it is obvious if top managers are implementing new rule and they them self not following rule changing of culture might not be possible. Physical sign of culture: New culture must be physically visible that is style of working, dress of employees and attitude toward stakeholders etc must match the changed culture. Leadership: Leader provides motion for cultural alteration. It is the leader who will guide about new alteration of culture plus leader is one who will implement new culture. Importance of culture: Culture affects over all activities of an organization. It is the culture which represents organizations that how they perform their different tasks. Culture plays lively role in the motivation of employees and culture of an organization is the communication purpose to other stakeholders like customers, competitors etc. Some of the salient points of culture are explained below. Motivation: Culture of an organization helps in the motivation of employees because if the culture of an organization is flexible employees will be encouraged they will be interested in organization, similarly if the culture of an organization is not fulfilling employees demand definitely it will have bad impact on success of an organization. Image of an organization: It is culture which gives an organization a distinctive image. Culture represents an organization that is how is does an organization perform their activities how are there attitude toward customers, employees and other stakeholders. Communication: As discussed above culture plays great role in communication to customers and other stakeholders. Working style, building style and their attitudes attracts customers. Flexibility: Culture provides flexibility in an organization by giving value to customers and having friendly working condition for employees and managers etc. Kinds of culture: There are different types of culture, which are expressed below. Power culture Role culture Task culture Person culture Task for P2: Relationship between organization structure and culture: Organizational structure is the mechanism by which efforts and works are coordinated with supervision to produce the results that are hoped from organizational culture. One of the most important features in relationship between organizational structure and culture is that it gives clear picture to the employees about their limitations and responsibilities and so not to concern about the issues that are beyond their scope of expectation this will help employees to work more efficiently. An effective coalition between organization structure and culture gets people closer to achieve organizational end goals more efficiently. Affect of structure on organization: Structure has a great affect on the performance of organization. If the structure of an organization is flexible the employees of that organization will be motivated and they will perform their task willingly. Structure of an organization helps in maintaining communication and stresses on coordination. Mainly there are two kinds of structures which are given below. Tall structure. An organization which have tall structure will have lower span of control that is there will be lots of hierarchy of manager is high. Advantage: low level of span of control, motivation of employees, good coordination. Disadvantage: expensive because so many managers required for an organization, distraction of accountability, single task is passed from so many individuals in organization, slow decision. Narrow structure: According to specialists single individual can handle well 8 individuals. In narrow structure of an organization there is high span of control, that hierarchy of managers is lower as compared to tall structure. Advantages: less expensive because low number managers, decision making is fast, good communication among employees. Disadvantage: high span of control that is pressure on manager is a lot. Example: We visited Mobilink GSM Peshawar, we had an interview with Customer Care Department. According to them structure of Mobilink GSM is decentralized due to which employees are satisfied from organization structure because they are involve in decision making this really motivates customers and this leads to innovations as well. Affects of culture on organization: Culture has a great affect on organization. If the culture of an organization is good corporate culture employees will be motivated and they will work efficiently and it is also the communication purpose to other stakeholders like customers, shareholders, and government etc. Some salient characteristics of organizational culture are given below. Organizational culture is the physical image of an organization. Helps in making good image of an organization. It is the communication purpose to stakeholders. Example: Mobilink GSM has great friendly environment. When we visited Mobilink GSM we feel our selves like we are home we were asked about what to take and what to eat, this really attracted us and felt us happy. Employees are motivated by various methods specially by awarding them and Mobilink GSM provides their employees with necessities of life like they have air condition system in whole organization in summer while in winter they have heater system and they provide employees coffee breaks etc which increase the level of interests of employees. Task for P3: Individual behavior at work: According to psychologist understanding human psyche is very tough job as we know behavior of one person will be different from another. Behavior of individual varies according to conditions around. Interpersonal behaviors are changed from individual behaviors, that is when a person is alone his/her personality changes as compared to when an individual is with other individuals. On the other hand group behavior is different from interpersonal or individual behavior. Example person named Ahmed sets with his colleagues, Ahmads attitude, style and other things which are concerned with his personality will be changes as compared to when Ahmad is alone. Personality: Personality is the general model of an individuals beliefs, feelings, and behaviors which represents style of individuals involving to the surroundings. Personality of a person involves persons height, weight, attitude, fashion, thinking etc. factors which affect personality are given below. Heredity: It involves attitudes, feelings, thinking and behavior etc that you learn from your parents, siblings etc. It is not 100% sure that your personality will resemble to your parents and siblings it may vary. Environment: Your personality changes according to environment you living. If an individual owns good personality that having good attitude, good expression etc definitely that individuals behavior at work would be appreciative. Perception: Is a method in which individual get in-coming information from their surroundings and then arrange and build out these to understand in a particular manner. Each in-coming information or happening going on nearby of individual is perceived in a particular style by every individual. Therefore perception is a center for the communication of a person with its surroundings both at job or other place. Perceptual selectivity: Human minds are attacked by different information all the time. What basically perceptual selectivity means is that selecting of information by our mind to understand, it is not under the control of human being. Further components of perceptual selectivity are. Context 2. Nature of stimuli 3. Internal factors 4. Fear and trauma Attitude: It is basically the response of an individual to all the actions happening in surrounding to it. Attitude is very important because it is attitude which represents you that is how you perform different task and how you deal things happening around you. Ability: Ability of an individual is inborn quality it changes which passage of time like when an individual perform some task again and again a time may come that person will perform activity efficiently. Ability of an individual in organization is required to obtain certain goals and objectives. Task for M1: Culture and structure of selected organization: The organization which I have selected is Mobilink GSM, Pakistan. About Mobilink: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Mobilink.jpg Mobilink GSM started its business as the primary GSM cellular cell phone services inside Pakistan through MOTOROLA Inc in 1994, afterward Mobilink GSM was purchased by Orascom Telecom Holding (OTH) which is the first multi-national company of Egypt. Mobilink GSM, a subordinate of the Orascom Telecom Holding, is Pakistans primary cellular and Blackberry service supplier. Having more than 31.5 million subscribers, Mobilink holds market leadership through progressive integrated expertise, the strongest trademark and the largest range of value added services in the business. (Wikipedia , 2011) Mobilink Mission Statement: The business is devoted to give its stakeholders highest level of satisfaction through admirable services and show that we as a corporation meeting our commercial as well as moral objectives, in ways that a regular sensible communal expectations of accountable cellular corporations. (Mobilink GSM, 2011) Culture of Mobilink GSM: Complete purchaser approval: According to Mobilink GSM clients are key to their achievements. Mobilink GSM says that costumers has expectation from us and they are doing to the best of their ability to provide them quality, services more that what they have expected. We will surely work according to needs of our clients. Business brilliance: Mobilink GSM struggle to provide the best quality to our clients. Furthermore Mobilink seek to the uppermost standards and search to identify costumer needs every day. This leads Mobilink GSM to market leading company and gives satisfaction to the stakeholders. Confidence honesty: Mobilink GSM gets arrogance in working the top moral principles in an open and frank environment, and by devoting their promises. Value for public: Mobilink GSM runs its business by its relation with peoples. Mobilink GSM gives its importance to its employees and other stakeholders and Mobilink GSM believe in cooperation. Value for employees: Mobilink provide good, flexible and friendly working environment for their employees. Mobilink GSM treats their employees and managers very well and gives them good amount of salary along with security. Corporate Social Responsibility: Mobilink GSM believes that costumers and businesses are in relationship with each other. They are interdependent to each other. Being good corporate business Mobilink not only focuses on earning profit from society but they also spend in the prosperity of societies. (Mobilink GSM, 2011) Mobilink GSMs organizational Structure: We visited Mobilink GSM, we conducted an interview with their Customer Care department and also with HR department. According to Customer Care department and HR department organizational structure of Mobilink GSM is Decentralized. This means that Mobilink GSM involves their lower level managers and employees in decision making. Advantages of this structure: Due to this structure employees are motivated they consider organization as their family they then work efficiently. This structure leads to new innovations because employees of Mobilink GSM told us in interview that employees can give their suggestions and feedback whenever they want, and feedbacks of employees are given great attention. When their suggestions are liked by the top managers, employees are given different rewards even some employees were given Dubai return tickets. (Figure showing Organizational structure of Mobilink GSM) (Source: Interview) Strategic decision making: Strategic decisions of Mobilink GSM are made by Chief Executives (Presidents) in Islamabad. Other decisions are made by directors of each department involving their lower level managers and employees as well. Task for D1: Recommendations: When skills of employees increases salary should be increased as well. In order to keep employees motivated and efficient they should be given training repeatedly. Giving awards on good performance to employees should be maintained this will develop competition among employees. Keeping in mind conditions of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa employees should be provided good security. Each department should have emergency alarm and fire distinguisher which would be use in case of emergency. They should provide pick and drop system this will attract employees from competitors. Customer Care Department should be improved because too much customers are dissatisfied from their work. Customers are not satisfied from the mistakes of billing department. As compared to competitors prices are high and customer is dissatisfied with the quality as well. Outcome 2nd Task for P4: Organizational or managerial theories: Before we discuss organizational theories it is important first to know what management is. Management: The art of taking work from employees or people effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness means doing exact work as told. Efficiency doing work with less possible input and more possible output. History: The word manage comes from Italian word (maneggiare) and (maneggiare) itself is derived from Latin word (Manus) which means hand. Later on, in 17th and 18th centuries, French word (Mesnagement) influenced in meaning of the English word (Management).. Ranks of management: There are three ranks of management, high-level managers, middle-level managers and lower-level managers. Each rank has its own authorities in organization, which is discussed below. High-level managers: This includes board of directors, presidents, vice presidents and chief executives. They generally make top decisions. They are accountable for the outside image of organization. Middle-level managers: This normally includes general managers, department managers etc. They are accountable to high-level managers. They basically acts like interpreters, they describe information of high-level managers to lower-level managers. Lower-level managers: They are managers who have direct contact with employees, lower-level managers gives job to employees and takes work from them. In short its lower-level managers who run organization on daily bases. Development of management thought: how does management start that which steps an organization should carry in order to manage organization Different organizational theories are of which some are discussed below. Scientific Management: To convert your short skilled labor into efficient employees. This will happen by giving your employees good training that is how to perform different task and by increasing their wages this will increase their interest in work. Explanation: scientific management is also known as Taylorism. It was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, he said that organization cannot be managed by hazy ideas it should be managed by organized rules. Principles of Scientific Management: >> Employees should be train for more improvement and they should be motivated by giving awards etc to employees. >> Recruitment should be completely base on merit (scientifically). >> Boss should not be so strict so that employees become stressful nor should the boss be so friendly that employees do not perform their tasks effectively. >> When sales increases, wages should be increased as well. This will encourage employees a lot. >> There should be possible minimum work pressure on employees so that they can perform their tasks well. Human Relations Approach: This approach emphasize on, that human should not be considered as machines, they should be given proper relation and breaks when working Explanation: This approach was first introduced by George Elton Mayo. He was the first person who talked about human relationships approach. He said that human beings become bored when do something for long time without proper breaks, they should be given breaks, they should be provided food, water etc while working in organization. Salient features of Human Relationships Approach: >> Employees should be motivated positively not by force. >> Employees should not be considered as rational, they should be given breaks while working in organization. >> This approach stresses on team work, because by team there is low level of work pressure on employees plus when more than one individuals are grouped together to solve specific problem they will do it more effectively as compared to an individual who is alone. Classical Administration: Henri Fayol introduced classical administration. Henri Fayol was suburb of Turkey who was born in 1841 and was French mining engineer. He gave 14 principles of management. Which are discussed below. Division of work: To train employees in order to make them more efficient. Authority: Managers should have the ability take work from employees. That he/she should be able to make employees to obey their orders. Discipline: There should be proper rules and regulations in organization and all employees must obey them. Example: wearing proper uniform, coming on time and leaving on time etc. Unity of command: Employees should be accountable to one boss because the number of boss in organization is more than one this will cause confusion for employees. Unity of direction: in order to avoid distraction employees must go on one plan that is one direction. Subordination of person interests to the common interest: Interests of organization must be given top priority. Remuneration: There should be extra packages for employees in organization. Employees should be given good wage. Centralization: It means making of decisions by managers. Hierarchy: They are the managers to whom employees are accountable. Order: To place right person the task that is every person should be given task according to the work they specializes. Equity managers should not be cruel or bad with employees they should be friendly with employees. Stability of staff: There should not be surplus of employees not shortage of employees in organization. Initiatives: Organization should focus on innovation, they should take risk in making new things. Esprit De Corps: To work as team because it will ease task for every employees. (Wikipedia, 2011) Function of management: Managing almost in every organization helps in achieving organizational goals and objectives, it brings employees closer that is stresses on team work. Management plays great role on motivating employees. There are different functions of management which are planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling. Planning: For achieving organization goals and objectives planning is done. That how will an organization achieve their goals and objectives. Planning further includes mission, goals, objectives, tactics, budgeting and procedure. Mission: It is the very reason of existence of an organization. Goals: Are the long term intentions, what an organization wants to become in future. Objectives: Are short term intentions of an organization. Tactics: Are methodologies used to achieve objectives (short term targets). Strategies: Are game plans which are used to achieve long term targets of an organization (goals). Budgeting: Amount of capital (money) required for achieving specific goal is called as budgeting. Procedure: Is the specific way of doing some activity. OR Rules and regulations to do some work. Organizing: Collecting the best resources to achieve different goals and objectives of an organization, which is having good machinery, skilled employees and managers etc. Leading: guiding employees how to perform tasks in organization, how to behave clients etc. Coordinating: Providing team work environment, which is helping each other in organization in order to be successful. Controlling: to monitor how are tasks going on and is it going according to the plan or not. Motivation: Without motivating employees taking work from them is so difficult. Employ